Soviet cosmonaut and physician Valery Polyakov holds the world’s record for the longest spaceflight, 438 days, set aboard Russia’s former Mir space station in 1994-95.

Michael Lopez-Alegria, president of the Commercial Spaceflight Federation, holds the current U.S. record for long-duration spaceflight, 215 days, set aboard the ISS in 2006-07 while he was a NASA astronaut. NASA astronaut Sunita Williams holds the world’s record for the longest spaceflight by a woman, 195 days, set during her 2007 stay aboard the ISS.